Русский
язык 102
Урок 8.3
Сколько
стоит
компьютер?
How much does a computer cost?
For Tuesday, June 27
Read text pp. 31-32: Jim and Petrovsky buy a computer.
Write A, p. 22. Study discussion of Russian currency, pp. 36-7.
Consider inclusive imperatives, 8.8 Write exer. 3 in the
textbook and Б in the workbook.
Learn the numerals 100-1000-9000 (!), p. 37. Write
В, workbook.
Consider the grammar of the genitive plural. Grammar: genitive
plural. This case is the most difficult to form in Russian. The
rules given here are hard to formulate inductively, so I will give you some
important hints.
The genitive plural is used with count nouns from 5-20,
25-30, 35-40, etc, as well as other quantifiers. Cf.
пять часов,
сколько лет. The formation
is an alpha switch rule: if the nom sg is real, then the gen pl is zero, and
vice versa, if the nom sg is zero, then the gen pl is real.
Examples: книга (real) Ð
книг (zero), лето -
лет (real and zero), час (zero) Ð
часов (real), рубль
Ð рублей (zero and real).
In the word рубль the soft sign is not the ending; it marks a soft
consonant. The ending is zero. For zero nom sg, the real gen pl for soft stems
is typically Ðей.
The real gen pl ending is Ðей for soft stems
and the four hushers ж ш ч щ; -ов for hard,
ц, and й. That is complicated and will take some time to learn.
Both the nom sg and the gen pl zero may show the presence
of a fill vowel which does not occur in other forms of the word. Fill vowels
are predictable. Examples of nom sg fill vowel: отец
(gen pl отцов),
американец (gen pl
американцев).
Gen pl fill vowel: бабушек,
писем, окон.
Know the following:
Nom sg |
Gen pl |
Rule |
|
|
|
тысяча |
тысяч |
zero gen pl |
книга |
книг |
zero |
лекция |
лекций |
zero; cut off -a, leave й |
упражнение |
упражнений |
(as above) |
занятия [this
is Neut pl] |
занятий |
(as above) |
бабушка |
бабушек |
zero; fill vowel e after husher |
дедушка |
дедушек |
(same) |
девушка |
девушек |
(same) |
ручка |
ручек |
(same) |
сестра |
сестёр |
zero; fill e |
копейка |
копеек |
zero; fill vowel e |
ошибка |
ошибок |
zero; fill vowel о before velar |
письмо |
писем |
zero; fill vowel е |
деньги [this is pl]
'money' |
денег |
zero; fill fowel e |
окно |
окон |
zero; fill vowel o after velar |
|
|
|
студент |
студентов |
real; hard masc takes ов |
доллар |
долларов |
(same) |
дом |
домов |
(same) |
журнал |
журналов |
(same) |
месяц |
месяцев |
real; ов goes to ев when
unstressed (cf. ого-его) |
отец |
отцов |
real; ов stressed; fill vowel appears
in N sg only (fill vowel can
occur only with a zero) |
американец |
американцев |
real; ов unstrssed, hence the spelling
ев |
подарок |
подарков |
(same); stress on second syll; fill vowel in N |
музей |
музеев |
real; ев after й and ц |
|
|
|
рубль |
рублей |
real, soft takes ей |
дверь |
дверей |
fem soft; real ending for soft is ей |
этаж |
этажей |
after hushers, real ending is ей |
врач |
врачей |
(same) |
|
|
|
мать |
матерей |
ending regular, but infix -ер- |
друг, N pl
друзья |
друзей |
irregular plural |
брат, N pl
братья |
братьев |
irreg. |
раз |
раз |
irregular |
человек
'person' |
человек |
irregular |
люди 'people' |
людей |
soft real |
соседи 'neighbors' |
соседей |
|
Learn:
Не имей
сто рублей, а
имей сто
друзей.
Don't have 100 rubles, rather have 100 friends.
Other vocab for this section:
имя
имени; pl. именА |
name, first name; see p. 35 |
время,
времени; pl.
временА |
time; like имя, p. 35 |
сколько |
how much, how many |
сколько
человек |
how many people |
много
людей |
many people |
мало
людей, мало
времени |
few people, little time |
деньги (p. tantum),
gen pl денег |
money |
Please write
workbook Г.
один
рубль Ð два,
три, четыре
рубля Ð пять
рублей.
Please write exercise 7, p. 40 in the textbook, and
exercise 8, p. 42 in the textbook.
Please do
Д, Е, Ж, З. Examine the analysis of count ~ mass nouns,
p. 42, and please do K.
М, Н, О, П.
Не имей
сто рублей, а
имей сто
друзей.
Don't have 100 rubles, rather have 100 friends.
Dear Students:
Thanks for all! I really enjoyed working with you!!