Tulane Physical Geology Laboratory -INSTRUCTOR: E. GONZALEZ
Last Updated September 14, 2003
VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES AND PLATE TECTONICS -OUTLINE
and LABORATORY TWO –PLATE TECTONICS AND THE ORIGIN OF MAGMA
Laboratory
Manual in Physical Geology by The American Geological Institute (AGI) and the National
Association of Geoscience Teachers (NAGT); Richard M. Busch, Editor; 6th
Edition, 2003.
PRINCIPAL TYPES OF VOLCANOES
CINDER CONE Example; Paricutin,
Mexico; Wizard Island,OR
Crater
COMPOSITE (STRATOVOLCANOE) Examples
Mount Fuji, Japan;
Crater Mount
Cotopaxi, Ecuador; Mount Shasta, CA
central or clustered vents Mount Hood, OR; Mount Rainier, Mt. Saint
Volcanic plug Helens, WA
Fissures (dikes)
CALDERA
(Crater
Lake,OR)
SHIELD (DOME) Example Mauna Loa, Kilahuea
Central vent or group of vents [Hawaiian volcanoes]
LAVA
PLATEAU Iceland,
Snake and Columbia Rivers, WA & OR
LAVA
DOMES Example
Novarupta Dome, AK
Mount
Pelee, Lesser Antilles
Lassen
Peak and Mono Domes, CA
LABORATORY SIXTEEN
EARTHQUAKE
Hazards
FOCUS
Seismographs
GRAPHING SEISMIC
DATA AND LOCATING THE EPICENTER OF AN EARTHQUAKE
EPICENTER /FOCUS
SEIMOGRAM / SEISMOGRAPH
WAVE TYPES
BODY WAVES
P- OR PRIMARY
S- OR SECONDARY
SURFACE WAVES
L-WAVES
ARRIVAL
TIME
TRAVEL
TIME OF MAIN SEISMIC WAVES
DISTANCE
TO THE EPICENTER
TIME
TRAVEL CURVES (Figure 16.5. p.265)
ANALYSIS OF
ACTIVE FAULTS USING AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS
ACTIVE FAULTS
RELATIVE MOTIONS
ALONG FAULT ZONES
FIRST MOTION
BLIND FAULTS
LABORATORY TWO
PLATE TECTONICS MODEL
or THEORY
PLATE BOUNDARIES
DIVERGENT
CONVERGENT
TRANSFORM-FAULT
EVIDENCE
Satellite Remote Sensing
EARTH FORCES AND
FAULTS
COMPRESSION / REVERSE
TENSION /NORMAL
SHEAR / STRIKE-SLIP
SEISMIC
TOMOGRAPHY
ORIGIN OF MAGMA
TEMPERATURE
PRESSURE
P-T DIAGRAMS
HOT SPOTS
*Handout - http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/types.html