Useful Types of Cross-References and
Additional Information about Headings

The following are examples of types of cross-references that should particularly be considered when you are establishing a name or uniform title heading or looking at an LC/NACO authority record for a heading.  In addition, other types of information are indicated that can be helpful in certain cases, particularly when trying to distinguish individuals, bodies, or titles with the same name.

• Personal names
  1. Variant names; e.g.:
     • Real name vs. pseudonym
     • Multiple pseudonyms
     • Name changes

  2. Variant forms of the same name, including different degrees of fullness, if the surname is affected.  (CAVEAT:  Generally, do not add a cross-reference for a form not given prominently on the piece.)

  3. Variant permutations of the same name; different entry elements, especially:
     • Compound surnames
     • Surnames including prepositions and/or articles
     • Entry under forename when a surname or some element that might be interpreted as surname is present
     • Entry under title of nobility

     NOTE:  Normally, a permutation is made only on the form chosen for the 100 field; generally do not add permutations of the 400 field; do not add permutations of the 500 field.

  4. Variant romanizations of the same name:  standard LC romanization vs. versions found in piece or reference sources.

  5. Variant language forms of the same name (do not go overboard), particularly in the case of well-known individuals or individual living before 1500.

  6. Any information that could be particularly helpful in distinguishing an individual with a common name.  Examples include:
     • Birth and/or death dates
     • Nationality or biographical information about place of birth, residence, etc.
     • Occupation or profession

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• Corporate and Conference Names
  1. Variant names, including conventional vs. official names.  (NOTE:  Be careful to distinguish occasional variants of a name from actual name changes; in the latter, separate headings need to be identified or established.)

  2. Variant forms or spellings of the same name, including different degrees of fullness (especially acronyms versus spelled-out forms).  (NOTE:  Again, be careful to distinguish occasional variant forms from actual name changes.)

  3. Variant permutations of the same name and different entry elements, especially involving “direct ” vs. “subordinate” entry.

  4. Variant language forms of the same name, particularly in the case of international bodies, bodies in countries with more than one official or unofficial language, or international conferences.

  5. Variant romanizations of the same name.

  6. Historical information about the corporate body if it has a fairly generic name.

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• Uniform titles
  1. Variant:
     • Titles
     • Forms of title
     • Permutations
     • Language forms
     • Romanizations

  2. Relevant information regarding the bibliographical history of the work, particularly if the title needs to be distinguished from other works or related to other works.

HTML document last reviewed:  21 December 1999