Articulation

Lung oscillation

Jaw oscillation

[Miyaoka et al. (2014)] Cyclical jaw opening and closing form the basis of the rhythmic chewing movement noted in mammalian species. The lateral pterygoid and suprahyoid (SH; anterior belly of the digastric, geniohyoid and mylohyoid) muscles constitute the jaw opening muscles (or jaw openers), while the temporalis, masseter (Mass) and medial pterygoid muscles serve as the jaw closing muscles (or jaw closers). Chewing movements, which usually begin with jaw opening and are followed by jaw closing, have been noted among many mammalian species, including humans [1-3].

Two groups of nuclei, the paragigantocellular and gigantocellular reticular nuclei, and the medial bulbar reticular formation, located in the region of the medulla oblongata, are believed to play essential roles in the central pattern generator that controls the basic chewing rhythm [1-3]. Neurons of either or both nucleus groups send action potentials, via the parvocellular reticular nucleus, to the jaw opening and closing motoneurons, innervating the muscles responsible for chewing movement [4].

TADA

References

    1. Miyaoka, I. Ashida, H. Iwamori, S. Kawakami, T. Yamazaki and N. Ito, “The Effect of Masseter Activity Patterns during Chewing on Suprahyoid Activity in Subsequent Chewing Cycles,” Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science, Vol. 4 No. 2, 2014, pp. 69-74. doi: 10.4236/jbbs.2014.42009.